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Ubuntu 18.04 installation tutorial

• 1, Preparation
  • 1. Download Ubuntu image
  • 2. Make U disk startup disk
  • 3. Allocate hard disk space for Ubuntu
• 2, Install Ubuntu 18.04
  • 1. Set startup item
  • 2. Formal installation
    • 1) Select language
    • 2) Keyboard layout
    • 3) Wireless networking
    • 4) Update options
    • 5) Select installation type
      • Manual zoning (key)
    • 6) Select time zone
    • 7) Create user name
    • 8) Install system software
• 3, Optimization after installation
  • 1. Replace the software source

1, Preparation

Note: This article takes the installation of Ubuntu 18.04.1 as an example. The preparatory work is carried out on other systems. I will perform the following three steps on Windows10.

1. Download Ubuntu image

open Download address of Ubuntu 18.04.1 After entering the page, click the Download button on the right to start downloading.

2. Make U disk startup disk

1) Installation tool: UltraISO( Click me to download ), install after downloading 2) Insert the U disk used as the boot disk (preferably the USB 3.0 interface, 16GB or above), and empty the files inside 3) Open the installed UltraISO and click the continue trial button to work on the interface 4) After entering the work interface, click file (F) in the menu bar and click open in the pop-up tab

5) Find the downloaded Ubuntu 18.04.1 lts image file in the pop-up file selection dialog box, and open it as shown in the following figure:

6) Click start on the menu bar and click write hard disk image in the pop-up tab

7) In the pop-up new window, Hard disk drive: select the U disk just inserted Write mode: set to USB-HDD+ For other items that need to be checked, just use the default settings Then you can format it Finally, click the write button in the bottom column

8) The writing process will last about 4-5 minutes. After completion, the interface is as shown in the following figure. Then click the return button.

At this point, the startup disk is completed!

3. Allocate hard disk space for Ubuntu

This step can also be performed during the partition during the installation process, but it is better to do it before installation, so as to avoid the need to start from the beginning when something goes wrong.

1) Right click the computer, select management in the pop-up tab, and then click storage / disk management on the left side of the pop-up window to enter the disk management interface, as shown in the following figure:

2) In the target disk you want to install, delete the volume and partition to free up an unallocated disk space as the installation area. The location I want to install is disk 1, so I have integrated 256GB of space in disk 1 to install Ubuntu 18.04.1 (the size of the installation area depends on the total disk space and your needs). After this step is completed, it is shown in the following figure:

2, Install Ubuntu 18.04

1. Set startup item

Turn off the target host where you want to install Ubuntu 18.04.1, insert the boot disk, and then turn it on. Quickly press and hold F12 until you enter the bios setting interface (different computers have different keys to enter the bios, generally F12 or Delete), select Boot Menu through the direction key, and then enter

After entering the Boot Manager, select EFI USB as the boot item and press enter

At this point, we have entered the installation program, select Install Ubuntu, and press enter to install directly

2. Formal installation

1) Select language

Chinese (Simplified) is the penultimate

2) Keyboard layout

3) Wireless networking

The connection is optional and does not affect the final installation

4) Update options

Generally, we only use Ubuntu to program or deploy projects. Entertainment generally uses Windows, so we choose the minimum installation The two options at the bottom will slow down the installation. These tasks can be processed after the installation is completed, so they are not checked.

5) Select installation type

The first and second options are easier to install. The installer will partition automatically. The third option needs to partition manually. It will be a little troublesome to install. However, because it is a manual partition, you are more familiar with the system partition, which is convenient for the later management of the system. We select the third option other options and click continue

Next, we need to partition manually. Previously, we reserved 256GB disk space for Ubuntu 18.04.1 on disk 1. Next, we partition the 256GB space. The details are shown in the figure below. At last, there is 45GB of space left for emergency use. (the specific zoning principles will not be clear in a few words, and Baidu will do it by itself)

explain: The sd + letter + number in the following figure, where the letter represents the number of the disk and the bumber represents the number of the partition For example, sda3 represents the third partition of disk a, and sdc1 represents the first partition of Disk c Previously, we reserved 256GB of disk space for Ubuntu 18.04.1 on disk 1, which corresponds to the free area under / dev/sdc in the following figure

Manual zoning (key)

As shown in the above figure, select the previously reserved empty area, double-click with the left mouse button or click the "+" button in the lower left corner to manually partition according to the above partition table. (if the free area becomes unavailable after partitioning / boot, click "-" to delete the / boot partition, partition other mount points first, and then partition / boot.)

Mount point/

Mount point / boot

Mount point / home

Mount point / tmp

Mount point / usr

Mount point / var

The swap space is divided according to the memory of your computer: If the memory is small, allocate 2-3 times the memory space; If the memory is medium, allocate 1-2 times the memory space; If the memory is large, allocate one time of the memory.

After dividing the partitions according to the partition table above, the information of each partition is as shown in the following figure. At this time, it is also necessary to note that the boot boot boot device is installed in the bottom column. Select the disk on which you installed ubuntu (partition on which disk). Then click the install now button in the lower right corner, and click the Continue button in the pop-up dialog box.

6) Select time zone

7) Create user name

8) Install system software

After the user name is created, the installer will install some necessary system software. The whole process will last about 20-30 minutes. After that, the following dialog box will pop up.

So far, Ubuntu 18.04.1 installation is complete! At this time, unplug the U disk, and then restart the computer to see the results of your installation!

3, Optimization after installation

After completing the above steps, Ubuntu 18.04 can be used normally. However, for more convenient and quick use, it is recommended to make the following changes to the installed Ubuntu system.

1. Replace the software source

Only steps are given here. For detailed explanation, please Click me to visit The official source server of Ubuntu is in Europe, and domestic access is very slow. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the software source with a domestic source, There are many domestic sources. Here we choose the Ubuntu sources of Alibaba cloud and Tsinghua University

Ubuntu's source is stored in the / etc/apt / directory sources In the list file, we backup it before modifying, and execute the following command in the terminal:

Then execute the following command to open sources List file, empty the contents, copy the Ubuntu source of Alibaba cloud and Tsinghua University, save and exit.

Then execute the following command on the terminal to update the software list and detect the software that can be updated:

Finally, execute the following commands on the terminal to update the software:

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